advertisement

Wednesday, August 29, 2012

The Zone of Danger: Physical Danger vs. Emotional Danger, Dillon v. Legg (1968)

This bicyclist is in the Zone of Danger, but what about the guy
who is filming him from behind? Is he going to suffer PTSD?
The Zone of Danger. It sounds like a carnival ride. Or a knock-off of a popular 1960s television show. In actuality, it is a real legal concept, and it has a major effect on whether or not we are liable for someone else's injury.

The Zone of Danger is typically defined as the area where a person is in actual physical danger due to the negligent behavior of another person. For example, if your neighbor is building a shoddy addition to his house without a permit from the city, you are in the Zone of Danger if you happen to be walking through the area where the addition would fall were it to collapse. If you are across the street when it collapses, watching and laughing from a safe distance, you are not in the Zone of Danger, and the neighbor is not liable if you strain your back from laughing too hard.

Enter the case of Margery Dillon and David Legg. On September 27, 1964, David Legg ran over and killed two year old Erin Dillon. Cheryl Dillon, Erin's older sister, was next to Erin when Mr. Legg hit her. The mother, Margery Dillon, was over 10 feet away from the girls at the time of the accident.

This incident occurred in Sacramento, California, and the Superior Court of Sacramento County ruled Mr. Legg's driving was negligent. They further ruled Cheryl Dillon could recover for damages because she was in the zone of danger. She literally could have been killed by Mr. Legg's driving. She feared for her life and suffered emotional difficulties as a result of seeing her sister die.

However, the Court ruled Margery Dillon, the mother, was not entitled to recover for damages because she was not in the zone of danger. Although she suffered significant emotional distress because she witnessed one daughter die and another daughter almost die, she was never in danger of dying herself. As such, the Court decided Mr. Legg was not responsible for her emotional damages.

Ms. Dillon appealed her case to the California Supreme Court, which reversed the Superior Court's judgment in 1968. The Supreme Court held the Zone of Danger Doctrine was "improperly restricted to those exposed to physical injury." They extended the Zone of Danger Doctrine to include individuals who were exposed to emotional injury as well. In their majority opinion, the court quoted Prosser (1964): "When a child is endangered, it is not beyond contemplation that its mother will be somewhere in the vicinity, and will suffer serious shock," (p. 353).

It is important to remember this ruling applies only to California, although it was instrumental in helping change other state laws regarding negligence for emotional damages and the zone of danger. Currently, some states still have laws stating emotional damages are only recoverable if the person has also sustained physical injury. There are other states that are "zone of danger states," such as California. Still other states are considered "foreseeability" states, where a person can recover for emotional damages if it was reasonably foreseeable that emotional suffering was going to be a likely outcome of the negligent act.

Thanks for reading-- Max Wachtel, Ph.D.
www.CherryCreekPsychology.com
www.Facebook.com/drmaxwachtel
www.Twitter.com/mwachtel

16 comments:

a school is this foundation that is fundamentally ineedessayhelp intended for taking learners through their instruction and imparting learning in them.

Adding a high quality tonneau deal with on the decide on way up rolex replica sale is an excellent strategy which often can merely improve your current truck's look along with worthy of. You may invest a little amount of income and have a new deal with that will seems to be zero as good as a new tarp as well as you can actually shell out plenty of cash flow and have a new tonneau deal with that really creates a new fake rolex. Inside midst place -- where by nearly all consumers look -- you are able to track down means greater than a few smartly charged patterns which are tough, longer lasting, along with eye-catching. A number of insures look cut-rate -- along with they are often, even though various other breitling replica sale look high priced -- nonetheless they actually may not be. Pertaining to the most element you could shell out a lesser amount of to secure a soft-top tonneau deal with when compared with for the hard-top deal with, on that basis the idea turns into a new subject involving particular person tastes about which in turn deal with you ultimately choose. Easy to replica watches sale -- How we scrub your current pickup would be the means you will definitely clean up your current cartier replica deal with: only do not start using a car or truck wheel as well as dashboard soap into it.

There are some interesting points in time obat radang usus tradisional in this article but I don’t know if I see all of them obat osteoarthritis ampuh center to heart. There is some validity but I will take hold opinion until I look into it further. Good article obat kencing tidak tuntas, thanks and we want more! Added to FeedBurner as well

Thanks for the information you have provided, It is very helpful. Please improve again

Ramuan Obat Higienis Sakit Gigi Karna Keropok Dan Berlubang

Great Article
I am also read every article for many ideas and words learn increase ideas overal all benifits ideas an improve them Thanks sir sharing this article.
Zero Movie Shahrukh Khan 2018
Happy Valentine Day Images 2018
Aiyaary Full Movie Download 480p
Happy Valentine Day Images 2018

I know this article is late but have to admit the information in the article is very useful. Thanks for sharing. windows 7 ultimate product key

شركة تنظيف كنب بالدمام
شركة غسيل كنب بالدمام ؤسسه انوار طيبه تعتبر أفضل شركة تنظيف فلل وشقق بالدمام والأحساء: هو التعاون مع الشركات المتخصصه فى تنضيف الشقق وطبعاً بنقدر نعتمد على الشركات المتخصصه فى تنضيف الشقق بالكامل وده لان الشركات المتخصصه فى تنضيف الشقق عندها عمال بيقومو بتنضيف الشقق وطبعاً بكل محتوياتها
شركة تنظيف كنب بالقطيف
شركة تنظيف السجاد بالدمام شركة غسيل مكيفات بالدمام سبليت ان شركة غسيل مكيفات بالدمام لديها افضل طاقم من العمال المهرة و المدربين علي مستوي عالي جدا من الاحترافية الشديدة و لديها عدد كبير من الفنين الماهرين و المدربين علي اعلي المستويات من الكفاءة و الخبرة الفائقة و تقوم شركة غسيل مكيفات بالدمام بالتدريب للعمال علي مستوي عالي و ايضا تدريبات شاقة جدا و مكثفة و لذلك فنجد ان العمال لدي شركة غسيل مكيفات بالدمام مدربين علي مستوي عالي جدا

I got the fax numbers to my payday credit organizations and sent them notice on who to contact in regards to the reimbursement of my advances. Payday Loans Chula vista

تعتمد شركة مكافحة البق بالدمام على توفير كل السبل والوسائل التى تساعد فى القضاء على اى نوع من انواع الحشرات وتتوقف على اختيار الطرق فى المكافحة على عدد من الاشياء يتم التعرف عليها من قبل خبير ومندوب خاص بشركتنا شركة مكافحة البق بالدمام
شركة مكافحة النمل الابيض بالدمام
يعتير النمل الابيض (حشرة الأرضه) من أخطر أنواع النمل لأنه قادر على تدمير الاثاث بالمنزل وقد يكون النمل موجود فى المنزل وأنت لاتعلم لذلك يجب عليك البحث فى المنزل عن الثقوب والشقوق وعند اكتشاف تلك الثقوف يجب عليك الاتصال ب شركة مكافحة النمل الابيض  بالقطيف شركة مكافحة النمل الابيض بالقطيف
شركة رش مبيدات بالدمام


عالميه الدمام- 0542613483 - افضل شركات نقل العفش بالمنطقه الشرقيه شركة نقل عفش بالجبيل
شركة نقل عفش بالقطيف
لذلك فقد قررت شركة نقل أثاث بالقطيف أن تتولى هذه المهمة بنفسها، وتُسقط عبائها عن كافة عُملائنا؛ حيثُ أعدت فريق عمل شامل ومُتكامل من أكفاء الأفراد شركة نقل اثاث بالخبر

تُعد شركة نقل عفش بالخبر شركة خدمات شاملة، فلا تقتصر فقط على عملية نقل الأثاث في كافة أرجاء المملكة العربية السعودية شركة نقل عفش بالخبر
نقل عفش بالخبر
شركة نقل عفش فى بالخبر
وتُقدم شركة نقل أثاث بالخبر أيضًا خدمة غسل السجاد والموكيت والستائر، وكافة القطع التي لا تستطيع ربة المنزل تنظيفها شركات نقل العفش بالخبر

Last year TN board 9th class Model Paper 2023 was declared in the Syllabus wise as lakhs of candidates are waiting to Download their Model Question Paper 2023 many candidates face problems with best link to get their Tamil Nadu 9th Model Paper 2023 TN board 9th Model Question Paper 2023 Download. So all the candidates are requested to bookmark or subscribe to our blog and get your exact link to Download your TN board 9th Model Question Paper 2023 to your mail directly with free of cost.

Post a Comment

Share

Twitter Delicious Facebook Digg Stumbleupon Favorites More